Lokayukta Special Police Not 'Intelligence & Security Organisation' Exempt From RTI Act : Supreme Court

The Supreme Court on Monday upheld a Madhya Pradesh High Court direction requiring the Special Police Establishment (SPE) of the Lokayukta Organisation to disclose information sought under the Right to Information Act, while striking down a 2011 State Government notification that exempted the SPE from the RTI regime.

A Bench of Justice J.K. Maheshwari and Justice Atul S. Chandurkar held that the SPE, which investigates corruption-related offences involving public servants, cannot be classified as an "intelligence and security organisation" under Section 24(4) of the RTI Act, 2005, and therefore cannot be granted blanket exemption from the Act.

The case arose from an RTI application filed by Kamta Prasad Mishra, a Town Inspector in Katni who was implicated in a corruption trap case registered by the SPE in 2017. After the State Government granted sanction for his prosecution in 2020, Mishra sought details regarding the decision-making process behind the sanction order and related communications. His request was rejected by the authorities and later by the State Information Commission, which relied on Section 8(1)(h) of the RTI Act, exempting disclosure of information that could impede investigation or prosecution.

The Madhya Pradesh High Court subsequently ruled in Mishra's favour, observing that the investigation had already been completed and a chargesheet filed. It directed the authorities to furnish the requested information. The SPE challenged that decision before the Supreme Court.

Before the apex court, the SPE relied on a notification issued by the Madhya Pradesh General Administration Department on August 25, 2011, under Section 24(4) of the RTI Act. The notification purported to exclude the SPE and the State Bureau of Investigation of Economic Offences from the purview of the RTI Act.

Examining the validity of the notification, the Court held that Section 24(4) permits exemption only for "intelligence and security organisations" established by a State Government. Analysing the statutory framework governing the Lokayukta and the SPE, the Bench found that the SPE's jurisdiction is confined to investigating corruption offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act and certain offences under the Penal Code involving public servants. It does not perform intelligence or security functions.

"The SPE cannot be termed to be an 'intelligence and security' organisation for the purposes of Section 24(4) of the Act of 2005," the Court held.

The Bench further observed that the 2011 notification sought to extend the exemption beyond what was authorised by the RTI Act and therefore failed to conform to the parent statute. It held the notification, insofar as it excluded the SPE from the RTI Act, to be invalid and excessive in nature.

While dismissing the SPE's appeal, the Court maintained the High Court's direction to provide the information sought by Mishra. However, it clarified that it had not examined the validity of the notification in relation to the State Bureau of Investigation of Economic Offences, and therefore the notification would continue to operate to that extent.

Case: Special Police Establishment v. Kamta Prasad Mishra & Ors.

Citation : 2026 LiveLaw (SC) 629

Click here to read the judgment