Giri: the right under article 25(1) could be treated as a individual right- what does it entail [reads it]-i have a conscience and that freedom of conscience need not to be associated with religious practice, i can be an athiest. I am therefore entitled to say I don't believe in god or I don't believe in any religion. I believe that each religion has its own rules, beliefs and practices.

Shirur Mutt says practice is also a part of religion. What Shirur Mutt held that practice can be religious practice and therefore covered in Article 25(1). I believe in idol worship and I go to the public temple, I am entitled to worship in the manner in which I have been enjoined to do.

article 25(2)(b) enables a state for not only social welfare and reforms but throwing open the hindu religious of public character.