Subramanium: this is the decsion of devaru and that decision is really based upon an interpretation of article 25(2)(b). Once the denominational temple is a hindu religious institution of a public character, by the temple entry authorisation amendment act 1949, the temples were laid open to all sections of the public. the context of shirur mutt and devaru are differentl what was in question in shirur mutt was the hindu religious charitable endownment act itself. in devaru, the context of the challenge was the temple entry authorisation amendment act. Please bear in mind that the act which existed prior to 1949 used the word excluded classes