Dwivedi: so classes and sections on account of peculiar history and connections with articles 17 and 15(2), this means only untouchables. this is also established by the fact that this is prequalified by throwing open. why do they say throw open because it was closed for them.. it is only referring to those classes and sections for whom the entry was barred. so the doors were being opened for them.

what is this-hindu religious institution of a public character- what is sought to be opened up? is it a temple or the institution itself? if this part of article 25(2)(b) is made applicable to article 26, then the very institution of religious denomination would become liable to be thrown open. it is not limited to temple. submission is throwing open of hindu religious institution is a matter of reform where the whole institution can be opened up but this won't apply to denominations. they can't be open up because they have to manage their own affairs under article 26(b).