Deepfakes & Deception

Deepfakes are no longer a technological curiosity. Traditionally, the law has relied on the trustworthiness of what people hear and see, but deepfakes fundamentally challenge that assumption. Synthetic audio, video, and images can now imitate real people and real events with enough precision to mislead viewers before any verification is possible. That is what makes deepfakes more than a technological novelty. The emergence of deepfakes presents a distinct regulatory challenge, as the existing...

Attendance Rule And Future Of Legal Education: Why Supreme Court's Concern Matters

The recent observations of the Supreme Court on attendance rules in law schools have resurrected an important debate on the future of legal education in India. The immediate controversy was triggered by a Delhi High Court ruling that students should not be debarred from examinations merely on the ground of shortage of attendance. But the larger question facing the country is more basic. In an age when artificial intelligence, digital learning platforms and instant access to information rule the...

Algorithmic Threat To Rational Animals

The rational judgement of a human (rational animals) is being influenced in the algorithmic mediation of contemporary architecture of the digital era. Personalization of the social media and electronic-commerce platforms are re-organizing notions and preferences of the participants involved as they replace their independent assessments and free will with an algorithmically controlled set of saliences. Operationalizing of the Human brains decision-making is achieved through the dual cognitive...

Hash Value For Electronic Evidences

Every individual has their own fingerprints which is unique to them. In the same way, for every electronic record or digital record, a hash value could be created. This hash value acts as the unique digital fingerprint of the document, which is unique to them. By electronic records we mean files, data, videos, audios, chats, call recording and forth. It also encompasses any information created, processed or stored in a digital format. Digital records includes computer file such as PDFs, JPEG and...

How India's Labour Laws Fail To Protect Workers Behind AI Content Moderation

India's moderators power global AI giants and pay for it with their mental health, which the law has yet to catch up.Every time an artificial intelligence (AI) system declines to generate violent content or correctly identifies a graphic image, it is doing so because a human being taught it to. That human is often a young woman in a small town in Jharkhand or Uttar Pradesh, working from a bedroom or a verandah, reviewing hundreds of disturbing videos and images a day for a contractor she will...

Interim Profits In CIRP: EBITDA Allocation Dilemma

The major headline from the Supreme Court's decision to restore JSW Steel's resolution plan for Bhushan Power and Steel Limited (BPSL) on 26 September 2025, was the rescue of a ₹19,350 crore acquisition that the same court had set aside five months earlier.Another issue that came to the forefront but gained little traction was the consequential question: Who is entitled to the EBITDA...

Mediation For The Nation: Lessons Learnt And Road Ahead

Mediation for the Nation Campaign: An OverviewThe Mediation for the Nation was a joint initiative between the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) and the Mediation and Conciliation Project Committee (MCPC). It was conceptualised under the leadership of the then Chief Justice of India Justice B. R. Gavai and the present Chief Justice of India, Justice Surya Kant – who then served as the Executive Chairman of both NALSA and the MCPC. The aim was to promote mediation as a practical and...

Pedagogy Of Power: How NCERT's 'Rationalisation' Fails Constitutional Test

In S.P. Gupta v. Union of India (1981)[1], the Supreme Court held that every authority exercising a public function is accountable to the citizens it serves. The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) discharges precisely such a function: it authors the textbooks through which the Indian State formally transmits its account of the nation's past to every public-school student. Between 2022 and 2023, NCERT conducted what it termed a 'rationalisation' exercise, deleting...

Illusion Of Digital Convenience

Navigating the Regulatory Void in the Indian e-Commerce LandscapeThe statutory architecture governing e-commerce in India presents a formidable facade of consumer protection that crumbles upon practical execution. We operate under the ambit of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 and the Consumer Protection Electronic Commerce Rules, 2020, yet the digital consumer remains vulnerable to corporate negligence. The legislative intent of passing this legislation and framing these rules was progressive,...

Delhi, Mumbai And GIFT City ; India's Search For A Credible Institutional Arbitration Seat?

India's oft-stated ambition is to emerge as a global arbitration hub, competing with Singapore and Hong Kong in the Asian market. To that end, India's arbitration policy has clearly shifted from ad hoc to institutional arbitration.A High-Level Committee, chaired by Justice (Retd) B.N. Srikrishna, was constituted to review the institutionalisation of arbitration in India and to make it a...

Labour, Legality And Illusion Of Equality

The Law of Dispensability“We're prisoners of war,” Chacko said. “Our dreams have been doctored. We belong nowhere. We sail unanchored on troubled seas. We may never be allowed ashore. Our sorrows will never be sad enough. Our joys never happy enough. Our dreams never big enough. Our lives never important enough. To matter.”— Arundhati Roy, The God of Small ThingsWhen daily wage workers in Noida poured into the streets in the second week of April 2026, torching vehicles, blocking NH-9, drawing...

Bar Council Of India Vs Attention Economy: Can Professional Ethics Constitutionally Restrict Digital Advocacy?

The recent regulatory posture adopted by the Bar Council of India against advocate influencers, indirect solicitation, and performative legal content reflects a constitutional conflict far deeper than ordinary professional misconduct. At stake is not merely the question of lawyer advertising, but the future relationship between legal ethics, free speech, professional equality, and digital visibility within the Indian legal system. The emergence of social media has fundamentally altered the...