Complete Supreme Court Annual Digest 2025 [Part-VIII]

Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987Importance of legal representation and particularly for those economically or socially less fortunate – Discussed. (Para 23) Sovaran Singh Prajapati v. State of Uttar Pradesh, 2025 LiveLaw (SC) 213 : 2025 INSC 225Sections 21 and 22E — Challenge to Lok Adalat Award — Maintainability of Writ Petition — Held, the statutory finality attached to a Lok...

Complete Supreme Court Annual Digest 2025 [Part-VII]

Industrial Disputes Act, 1947Section 2(oo)(bb) - The 73-year-old petitioner, a former employee, filed a Special Leave Petition under Article 136 of the Constitution challenging a labour dispute denial of reinstatement. Appearing in person due to financial constraints, he struggled with English submissions. The Court appointed Advocate Sanchar Anand as Amicus Curiae, who rendered pro...

Complete Supreme Court Annual Digest 2025 [Part-VI]

Death PenaltyThe Supreme Court commutes death penalty to life imprisonment for man convicted of killing wife and four children, citing no prior criminal record, good conduct during 16-17 years of incarceration, mental health issues due to past trauma, and contributions to inmate welfare. The Court, while acknowledging the severity of the crime, removes the convict from death row but...

Complete Supreme Court Annual Digest 2025 [Part-V]

Articles 21 and 22 - Requirement to Communicate Grounds of Arrest under Article 22(1) in Warrant-Based and Warrantless Arrests - Held, Article 22(1) is a constitutional safeguard mandating that grounds of arrest be communicated to the arrestee. In warrantless arrests, non-compliance with Article 22(1) renders the arrest illegal, prohibiting further custody. Grounds must pre-exist, be...

Complete Supreme Court Annual Digest 2025 [Part-IV]

Section 113. Burden of proof as to ownershipSection 113 BSA - The Section embodies the well-recognised principle that possession is prima facie proof of ownership. A person in possession is entitled to remain in possession until another person can disclose a better title under Section 113 of the BSA. Therefore, once the plaintiff proves that he has been in possession of the suit property,...

Juvenile Justice Act: All India Annual Digest 2025

Supreme CourtCriminal Law – Bail - Juvenile Justice - Sexual Offences - Sex Education - Supreme Court reiterated its direction to the State of Uttar Pradesh to file an additional affidavit informing the Court on how sex education is provided as a part of the curriculum in higher secondary schools (Classes IX to XII) so that young adolescents are made aware of the hormonal changes that come...

Disability Rights: All India Annual Digest 2025

Supreme CourtAdditional Directions for PwD Inmates – Held in addition to the L. Muruganantham guidelines, the Court issued further directions - i. Grievance Redressal: States and UTs must establish an independent and accessible mechanism for complaints regarding neglect or abuse; ii. Inclusive Education: Facilities must be created to ensure PwD inmates have meaningful access to...

Complete Supreme Court Annual Digest 2025 [Part-III]

Section 482 Cr.P.C. - Penal Code, 1860; Section 498A - Matrimonial Disputes - Malafide Complaints - Quashing of FIR - High Court's Duty under Section 482 CrPC - Vague Allegations - The Supreme Court quashed proceedings under Sections 498A and 411 IPC against the father-in-law and mother-in-law, while allowing continuation against the husband. Allegations raised after 14 years of marriage,...

Complete Supreme Court Annual Digest 2025 [Part-II]

Section 173. Information in cognizable cases.Section 154 Cr.P.C. – FIR – Held, police officers, as 'sentinels' of the law, must be vigilant, prompt and objective in performing their duties, shedding any personal biases - Police's failure to register a FIR despite being informed of a cognizable offence was a total 'dereliction of duty' - As per Section 154 CrPC, Police are duty-bound...

Complete Supreme Court Annual Digest 2025 [Part-I]

Abkari Abkari Shops (Disposal in Auction) Rules, 2002 (Kerala) - Rule 9(2) - Ethyl alcohol content in coconut toddy - Supreme Court on May 1, 2024, directed the government to reassess the appropriateness of 8.1% v/v limit for ethyl alcohol in coconut toddy - Expert Committee was constituted who recommended that maximum allowed ethyl alcohol content for self-produced alcohol from...

Code Of Civil Procedure (CPC): All India Annual Digest 2025

Supreme CourtOrder XLI Rule 27 CPC | Appellate Courts Must First Examine Pleadings Before Allowing Additional Evidence : Supreme CourtCause Title: IQBAL AHMED (DEAD) BY LRS. & ANR. VERSUS ABDUL SHUKOORCitation: 2025 LiveLaw (SC) 831The Supreme Court held that appellate courts cannot permit additional evidence under Order XLI Rule 27 of the CPC unless such evidence is supported by...

Supreme Court Annual Digest 2025: Judiciary

Judiciary - Supreme Court Annual Digest 2025 3-year minimum practice - The Supreme Court reinstated a minimum three-year practice requirement for advocates applying for Civil Judge (Junior Division) posts, reversing the earlier relaxation from the 2002 All India Judges Association case. The decision revealed a lack of consensus among High Courts and States, with most supporting...